Defeat of the spanish armada. The Spanish Armada 2019-01-11
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Spanish Armada
The Spanish fleet then anchored in the waters off Calais and attempted to link up with the soldiers on shore. Then a demoralizing dispute occasioned by the government's fiscal shortfalls left many of the English defenders unpaid for months, which was in contrast to the assistance given by the Spanish government to its surviving men. The next attempt was to propagate a delusion touching the real destination of this vast armament. Guns in Spanish ships were fired in a single salvo as a prelude to boarding; one soldier remaining by each gun for this duty while the rest of the gun teams took their places among the boarders on deck. The others drifted into the Armada, where they caused confusion and panic far greater than the English had anticipated. Only one member of the crew survived, a sixteen year old Italian boy name Giovanni. Central to the Armada was the mass of merchant vessels, known as hulks or urcas, converted for war by the addition of higher fore and after castles and a greater complement of guns and carrying the Spanish army with its artillery and baggage.
The defeat of the Spanish Armada (Book, 1983) [georgiajudges.org]
Mary Queen of Scots: executed by Queen Elizabeth I as the focus of Catholic plotting against the English Crown. The great galleons rose up from the water like wooden mountains, their high forecastles and sterns towering fortresses threatening to rain destruction down on the enemy. Medina-Sidonia tried to regroup his ships and withdraw to Spain. Surprise inspections ensured their diligence, and they were prohibited from having dogs with them, for fear of distraction. Most of the English vessels had simply run out of ammunition. Some 180 priests and friars were also aboard to conduct religious services and possibly convert the English. Protestant Europe rejoiced, and the Elizabethan Age, the age of Shakespeare, was allowed to flourish without fear of foreign rule or the unspeakable terrors of the Spanish Inquisition.
Although the Queen had spent considerable amounts of money funding the Netherlands campaign, she now employed all her efforts in raising funds to ensure that when the Spanish Armada came, England would be prepared. Santa Maria de Vison 18 guns. Cannily Sixtus V said he would pay the money once the Spanish landed in England. Yet Philip expected Parma to spare sufficient forces to land in England, conquer the country and remove Queen Elizabeth from her throne. Even the English agent at Madrid, with the Armada building as it were before his eyes, was induced to credit these fabulous explanations; for we find him writing home that there had recently been discovered richer mines in the New World than any heretofore known; but that these treasures were guarded by a gigantic race, which only this enormous fleet could overcome; and this, he felt confident, was the true destination of the Armada. Back in England, Drake and others urged the queen to launch another preemptive strike. The sole advantage of these vessels was their greater size and availability.
Only six Spanish ships out of the 129 that sailed against England were destroyed as a direct result of naval combat. Then the Almighty blew with His wind and drove them up toward Scotland and away from England. The iron fire baskets, mounted atop a tall wooden structure on earth mounds, were set around fifteen miles apart. The resulting explosions inflicted heavy damage on the invading Armada and scattered many of the vessels that had escaped harm. In the end, 67 ships and around 10,000 men survived. The network of warning beacons located throughout southern England since at least the early fourteenth-century was overhauled.
The event also had implications for the Protestant Reformation. Again de Leiva and his men took a castle and held it against the English, leaving it to join the galeas Girona. The Spanish Armada was a fleet of 130 ships and it first left the port of Coruna in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, the most powerful noble in Spain. Not knowing that the Armada was in effect defeated, Queen Elizabeth went to Tilbury, about 20 miles from London, to join troops gathering to defend the Thames River basin. Her subjects had enraged the Spanish King by raiding his American possessions and even the coastline of Spain itself: Drake sacked Cadiz in 1587 and the Earl of Leicester was leading an English contingent assisting the Dutch revolt in the Netherlands.
The Florencia, on her maiden voyage to the East Indies put into Lisbon where she was seized for service in the Armada. In March 1587, the counties along the English Channel had just six cannon each. After a short deliberation, he named Don Alonzo de Guzman el Bueno, Duke of Medina-Sidonia, to replace Santa Cruz. The strength of Spain's tercios—the dominant fighting unit in European land campaigns for over a century—was broken by the French at the Battle of Rocroi 1643. A new theory suggests that the Spanish fleet failed to account for the effect of the Gulf Stream.
The defeat of the Spanish Armada (Book, 1983) [georgiajudges.org]
The kingdom of England would have become part of the Spanish Empire. Although England and Spain would remain officially at peace for another 30 years, the die was cast for an eventual collision between the two superpowers. Indeed, in the aftermath of the Armada, Protestantism became part of the national identity. The Spanish, meanwhile, were unable to get close enough to the nibble English ships to board them. Recaldo, remarkably, led the first two ships on 11th September 1588 through a gap in the reef little wider than the ships themselves, having sailed the coast some years before on an earlier Spanish incursion to Ireland. The long-awaited crisis was now at hand, but Drake reacted with his customary sangfroid.
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