Data partly analysed by Human Rights Watch, based on government data. Forty-nine adolescents interviewed by Human Rights Watch dropped out permanently due to the cost of secondary education. Human Rights Watch interviewed several adolescents and young women who have been subject to sexual harassment or the efforts of adult male teachers to persuade or coerce them or their classmates into sexual relationships. Other roles include entrepreneurship development, gender issues in the workplace, and the war against child labor. However, at time of writing, all other children enrolled in primary school must take a compulsory, high-stakes exam at the end of primary school in Standard 7, the final year of primary education for the current cohort of students, in order to proceed to lower-secondary education. As a result, even the policy makers have been influenced by this attitude in creating policies related to welfare of people with disabilities. The majority of focus group participants were under 18.
The Beacon of Hope The report may seem pretty dark, but pockets of light exist. Girls look for lifts, and have sexual relationship with drivers. School fees were also eradicated resulting in a substantial increase in student enrolment. School officials interviewed by Human Rights Watch reported a significant increase in Form I enrollments because of fee-free secondary education. Between 2008 and 2012, primary school net attendance among the poorest 20 percent of the population was 67.
We fear it, we are scared—we tell each other when it happens. Our goal is to provide resources at least to some of the children of Mambo and around t o allow these kids the opportunity to pursue their education. Senior political leaders, including President John Magufuli and the former deputy Minister of Education and Vocational Training, have repeatedly encouraged the use of corporal punishment in schools. The medium of education is English, although Swahili language classes are also followed. Most of the students interviewed by Human Rights Watch said they spent their days at school tired because they had walked long distances. Sixty-five of them were girls and young women; 20 of them were boys and young men. Many girls and young women interviewed by Human Rights Watch pointed out that they have very limited access to quality sexual and reproductive health education in school.
The solutions to many of the problems and barriers outlined in this report are resource intensive, and will require a greater focus on national resources for secondary education. Kippenberg, 2014 The actual percentage of the children that actually make it through secondary education is even more deplorable. In 2013, then-Deputy Minister for Education and Vocational Training Philipo Mulugo publicly linked the absence of corporal punishment and the decline of discipline in schools, as he reportedly advocated for the use of caning. Rape is a criminal offence under Tanzanian law, and covers any person in a position of authority who uses their power to threaten or coerce a girl or a woman into engaging in sexual intercourse. Human Rights Watch is grateful to all the children, young adults, parents, teachers, headmasters, education officials, education advocates, and experts who shared their experiences and provided expert input. It is a cultural expectation in Tarime and elsewhere in Tanzania that girls dedicate the vast majority of their waking hours to completing hard labor and chores in service of the family, with little or no help from men and boys.
And as part of the drawbacks of contemporary Tanzanian society, this means the masses have to exert themselves and work towards giving themselves formal education { Problems Facing Education In Tanzania }. The commissioner of education, under the permanent secretary, is the chief academic advisor in all aspects of professional departments and parastatal organizations. Sometimes we have too many students … the quickest and easiest means is to use corporal punishment. Edu did an in-depth project that included asking teachers what they thought the greatest challenges in relation to classrooms. In a rural school in Shinyanga, Martin Mweza, acting head teacher, told Human Rights Watch in January 2016 that: Because of free secondary education we cannot pay that teacher anymore—it was the science teacher.
Under its secondary education program, launched in 2005, the government said it would build at least one secondary school in every administrative ward to expand availability of secondary education and ensure students could study closer to their homes. The Vocational Education and Training Authority was established in 1994. Social and Economic Barriers Keeping Children Out of Secondary School Many children of school-going age are confronted with social and economic barriers that impede their access to education, relating to gender, disability, or income. Other challenges were lack of skills to handle certain topics in the revised primary school curricula, handling of pupils with special needs and shortage of desks. Under this policy, children enrolled in the first year of primary education in 2016 will go through 10 years of fully free and compulsory basic education. Mtengeti, et al, Report on Child Marriage Survey, 31. Eric Guga, director of Tanzania Child Rights Forum, insists that schools must not wait for government guidelines to investigate rape allegations.
Human Rights Watch interview with Editha, 16, Mwanza, January 22, 2016; Human Rights Watch focus group discussion with 15 female students, public secondary school, Ukerewe, January 22, 2016; Human Rights Watch interview with Felicity, 18, Igombe, Mwanza, January 23, 2016; Human Rights Watch interview with Theodora, 17, Nzega, Tabora, January 25, 2016. In keeping with the Sustainable Development Goals, the government should focus on expanding access to secondary education, while also guaranteeing a good quality education to all students, ensuring students are empowered, gain skills, and build specialized knowledge to drive Tanzania forward. Students pursuing this route will complete a course that condenses the entire four-year lower-secondary school curriculum in two years. Many students in Dar es Salaam, for example, complain that bus drivers and passengers physically abuse them by pushing and beating them, and in some cases, insult them. All names of adolescents and young people in the report are based on pseudonyms. Female students in many schools must contend with the efforts of male teachers to sexually harass, assault, or draw them into coercive sexual relationships—a problem that has persisted because school and government authorities have consistently failed to hold teachers accountable for it.
Work with local community groups, nongovernmental organizations, students, and district officials to design such programs. I have to force students to learn. The government should factor these additional costs into medium- and long-term planning and budgeting to ensure the secondary education policy is fully effective and free. The key intermediate results expected are: improved skills in learning and teaching reading, writing and arithmetic skills; improved education sector planning and management; and improved community engagement. For many students, English is their third language. Rating system The results are measured in a ranking system from A Excellent to F Failed which is equivalent to 1 A to 7 F points.
Sutherland-Adi, Esi, , Washington, D. Most female and male students, teachers, and parents interviewed by Human Rights Watch agreed that girls should be able to live in safe hostel facilities in order to reduce the risks associated with walking long distances to schools, in particular sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy. The government should, however, develop concrete plans to tackle these remaining barriers over time by adopting measures, in line with national resources and international financial support, to ensure more adolescents access a barrier-free secondary education. Human Rights Watch interview with Sigareti Lugangika, headmaster, Nyakurunduma Secondary School, Mwanza, January 21, 2016; Human Rights Watch interview with Martin Mweza, acting head teacher, Mwawaza secondary school, Shinyanga, January 25, 2016; Human Rights Watch interview with Marxon Paul, headmaster, Shinyanga Secondary School, Shinyanga, January 26, 2016. Leocadia Vedastus, a secondary school teacher in Ukerewe Island, described how many girls agree to sex in order to get transport to school, and then drop out when they get pregnant. Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all.
The government also began to pay capitation grants—monthly funds designed to provide schools with additional money to cover running costs per student enrolled — directly to public secondary school bank accounts in a move to reduce corruption in local governments, which previously managed and distributed funding for schools by district councils in their jurisdictions. The headmaster keeps promising me. At higher levels of the education system, the situation is even worse: the net enrollment rate for lower secondary education is 33. Instead, adolescents who have dropped out may enroll for short vocational courses and get a basic certificate of skills. In some areas of the country, there can be as many as 200 pupils in a single classroom. Despite these successes, many challenges persist related to retention, completion, and transition to secondary education, as well as quality of education, actual learning outcomes, and the relevance of skills that graduates bring to the economy.
